要使?jié)纤喾€(wěn)定碎石達(dá)到良好的比例，需考慮原材料選擇、配合比設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)、施工過(guò)程控制等多個(gè)方面，以下是具體介紹：

To achieve a good proportion of cement stabilized crushed stone in Jinan, multiple aspects such as raw material selection, mix design and testing, and construction process control need to be considered. The following is a specific introduction:

原材料選擇

Raw material selection

水泥：應(yīng)選用初凝時(shí)間大于 3h、終凝時(shí)間不小于 6h 的普通硅酸鹽水泥、礦渣硅酸鹽水泥或火山灰質(zhì)硅酸鹽水泥，強(qiáng)度等級(jí)宜為 32.5 或 42.5。水泥的質(zhì)量需穩(wěn)定，且各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)應(yīng)符合國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Cement: Ordinary Portland cement, slag Portland cement or volcanic ash Portland cement with an initial setting time of more than 3 hours and a final setting time of not less than 6 hours should be selected, and the strength grade should be 32.5 or 42.5. The quality of cement needs to be stable, and all indicators should comply with national standards.

碎石：采用質(zhì)地堅(jiān)硬、耐久、潔凈的碎石，其壓碎值應(yīng)不大于 30%，針片狀顆粒含量不超過(guò) 15%。碎石的最大粒徑不宜超過(guò) 31.5mm，且應(yīng)具有良好的級(jí)配。建議采用 10 - 30mm、5 - 10mm、0 - 5mm 三種規(guī)格的碎石進(jìn)行摻配，以達(dá)到較優(yōu)的級(jí)配效果。

Gravel: Use hard, durable, and clean gravel with a crushing value of no more than 30% and a needle like particle content of no more than 15%. The maximum particle size of crushed stone should not exceed 31.5mm and should have good grading. It is recommended to mix crushed stones in three specifications: 10-30mm, 5-10mm, and 0-5mm, in order to achieve a better grading effect.

砂：宜選用潔凈、堅(jiān)硬、細(xì)度模數(shù)在 2.3 - 3.0 之間的中粗砂。含泥量應(yīng)不大于 3%，泥塊含量應(yīng)不大于 1%。

Sand: It is advisable to use clean, hard, and medium coarse sand with a fineness modulus between 2.3-3.0. The mud content should not exceed 3%, and the mud block content should not exceed 1%.

水：應(yīng)使用干凈、無(wú)雜質(zhì)、無(wú)有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)的飲用水。若使用非飲用水，需進(jìn)行水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)，確保其符合相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

Water: Clean, impurity free, and harmless chemical free drinking water should be used. If non potable water is used, water quality testing must be conducted to ensure compliance with relevant standards.

配合比設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)

Mix design and testing

目標(biāo)配合比設(shè)計(jì)：根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求的強(qiáng)度等級(jí)，通過(guò)試驗(yàn)確定水泥、碎石、砂和水的初步配合比。一般水泥劑量在 3% - 6% 之間進(jìn)行試配，以不同水泥劑量制備試件，進(jìn)行 7 天無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)，根據(jù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果確定滿足強(qiáng)度要求且經(jīng)濟(jì)合理的水泥劑量。同時(shí)，通過(guò)篩分試驗(yàn)和合成級(jí)配計(jì)算，調(diào)整碎石和砂的比例，使混合料的級(jí)配符合規(guī)范要求。

Target mix design: Determine the preliminary mix proportions of cement, crushed stone, sand, and water through experiments based on the strength grade required by the design. The general cement dosage is between 3% and 6% for trial mixing. Different cement dosages are used to prepare specimens for a 7-day unconfined compressive strength test. Based on the test results, the cement dosage that meets the strength requirements and is economically reasonable is determined. At the same time, through screening tests and synthetic gradation calculations, the ratio of crushed stone and sand is adjusted to ensure that the gradation of the mixture meets the specification requirements.

生產(chǎn)配合比設(shè)計(jì)：在目標(biāo)配合比確定后，根據(jù)施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)所用的原材料和實(shí)際生產(chǎn)設(shè)備，對(duì)目標(biāo)配合比進(jìn)行調(diào)整。將各檔原材料分別放入冷料倉(cāng)，通過(guò)皮帶秤等設(shè)備進(jìn)行計(jì)量，按照目標(biāo)配合比的比例進(jìn)行上料，在攪拌設(shè)備中進(jìn)行試拌。然后對(duì)試拌混合料進(jìn)行篩分試驗(yàn)和物理力學(xué)性能檢測(cè)，調(diào)整各檔材料的用量，使生產(chǎn)配合比的級(jí)配和性能與目標(biāo)配合比相符。

Production mix design: After determining the target mix ratio, adjust the target mix ratio based on the raw materials and actual production equipment used on the construction site. Put each grade of raw materials into the cold storage bin separately, measure them using equipment such as belt scales, and load them according to the target mix ratio. Conduct trial mixing in the mixing equipment. Then conduct screening tests and physical and mechanical performance tests on the trial mixed material, adjust the dosage of each grade of material, and ensure that the gradation and performance of the production mix match the target mix ratio.

施工配合比驗(yàn)證：在生產(chǎn)配合比確定后，進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)試鋪。通過(guò)試鋪路段的施工，檢驗(yàn)混合料的施工性能、壓實(shí)度、強(qiáng)度等指標(biāo)是否滿足要求。同時(shí)，檢測(cè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)壓實(shí)后的混合料級(jí)配，如有偏差，及時(shí)分析原因并調(diào)整施工配合比。在試鋪過(guò)程中，還需確定合理的壓實(shí)工藝和壓實(shí)遍數(shù)等施工參數(shù)。

Construction mix ratio verification: After the production mix ratio is determined, on-site trial paving is carried out. Through the construction of trial road sections, verify whether the construction performance, compaction degree, strength and other indicators of the mixture meet the requirements. At the same time, the grading of the compacted mixture on site should be tested. If there are any deviations, the reasons should be analyzed in a timely manner and the construction mix ratio should be adjusted. During the trial laying process, it is also necessary to determine reasonable compaction techniques and construction parameters such as compaction passes.

施工過(guò)程控制

Construction process control

攪拌：采用強(qiáng)制式攪拌機(jī)進(jìn)行攪拌，確保混合料攪拌均勻。嚴(yán)格控制原材料的計(jì)量精度，水泥、碎石、砂和水的計(jì)量誤差應(yīng)分別控制在 ±1%、±2%、±2% 和 ±1% 以內(nèi)。攪拌時(shí)間應(yīng)根據(jù)攪拌機(jī)的類型和混合料的特性確定，一般不少于 90s，以保證水泥均勻包裹在碎石和砂表面，使混合料具有良好的工作性。

Mixing: A forced mixer is used for mixing to ensure even mixing of the mixture. Strictly control the measurement accuracy of raw materials, and the measurement errors of cement, crushed stone, sand, and water should be controlled within ± 1%, ± 2%, ± 2%, and ± 1%, respectively. The mixing time should be determined according to the type of mixer and the characteristics of the mixture, generally not less than 90 seconds, to ensure that the cement is evenly wrapped on the surface of the crushed stone and sand, so that the mixture has good workability.

運(yùn)輸：采用大噸位自卸汽車運(yùn)輸混合料，車輛應(yīng)覆蓋篷布，防止水分蒸發(fā)和沿途揚(yáng)塵。運(yùn)輸過(guò)程中應(yīng)盡量避免顛簸和急剎車，防止混合料離析。同時(shí)，根據(jù)攪拌站與施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的距離和運(yùn)輸時(shí)間，合理安排車輛數(shù)量，確保混合料能夠及時(shí)供應(yīng)到施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)，避免等待時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)致混合料失水或初凝。

Transportation: Large tonnage dump trucks are used to transport the mixture, and the vehicles should be covered with tarpaulins to prevent moisture evaporation and dust along the way. During transportation, bumps and sudden braking should be avoided as much as possible to prevent segregation of the mixture. At the same time, according to the distance and transportation time between the mixing plant and the construction site, the number of vehicles should be reasonably arranged to ensure that the mixture can be supplied to the construction site in a timely manner, avoiding waiting for too long and causing the mixture to lose water or initial set.

攤鋪：采用攤鋪機(jī)進(jìn)行攤鋪，攤鋪機(jī)的速度應(yīng)均勻、穩(wěn)定，一般控制在 2 - 3m/min。在攤鋪前，應(yīng)將下承層表面清理干凈，并適當(dāng)灑水濕潤(rùn)。攤鋪機(jī)的螺旋布料器應(yīng)保持勻速轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，使混合料在熨平板前均勻分布，避免出現(xiàn)離析現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于局部不平整的地方，應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行人工找平，但不宜反復(fù)修整，以免破壞混合料的結(jié)構(gòu)。

Paving: A paver is used for paving, and the speed of the paver should be uniform and stable, generally controlled at 2-3m/min. Before paving, the surface of the underlying layer should be cleaned and appropriately moistened with water. The spiral feeder of the paver should maintain a constant speed of rotation to evenly distribute the mixture before the ironing board and avoid segregation. For locally uneven areas, manual leveling should be carried out in a timely manner, but it is not advisable to repeatedly repair them to avoid damaging the structure of the mixture.

壓實(shí)：在混合料攤鋪后，應(yīng)立即進(jìn)行壓實(shí)。先用輕型壓路機(jī)靜壓 1 - 2 遍，然后用重型壓路機(jī)振壓 3 - 5 遍，最后再用輕型壓路機(jī)靜壓 1 - 2 遍進(jìn)行收光。壓實(shí)過(guò)程中應(yīng)遵循 “先輕后重、先慢后快、由邊向中” 的原則，壓路機(jī)的碾壓速度不宜超過(guò) 4km/h。同時(shí)，應(yīng)控制好壓實(shí)遍數(shù)和壓實(shí)度，使壓實(shí)度達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求的 97% 以上。

Compaction: After the mixture is spread, compaction should be carried out immediately. First, use a light roller to statically press 1-2 times, then use a heavy roller to vibrate 3-5 times, and finally use a light roller to statically press 1-2 times for finishing. During the compaction process, the principle of "light before heavy, slow before fast, and from edge to center" should be followed, and the rolling speed of the roller should not exceed 4km/h. At the same time, the number of compaction passes and compaction degree should be controlled to achieve a compaction degree of over 97% of the design requirements.

養(yǎng)護(hù)：壓實(shí)完成后，應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)。一般采用覆蓋土工布或塑料薄膜并灑水保濕的方法進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)，養(yǎng)護(hù)時(shí)間不少于 7 天。在養(yǎng)護(hù)期間，應(yīng)保持混合料表面濕潤(rùn)，避免暴曬和雨淋。同時(shí)，應(yīng)禁止車輛在養(yǎng)護(hù)路段上通行，以免破壞基層結(jié)構(gòu)。

Maintenance: After compaction is completed, timely maintenance should be carried out. Generally, the method of covering with geotextile or plastic film and watering for moisture retention is used for curing, and the curing time is not less than 7 days. During the maintenance period, the surface of the mixture should be kept moist and protected from direct sunlight and rain. At the same time, vehicles should be prohibited from passing on maintenance roads to avoid damaging the underlying structure.

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